Risk Management Analysis of Online Culinary SMEs Using Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) and Fishbone Diagram: A Case Study of Stick Roll Chicken in Malang

Abstract

Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in the culinary sector face growing technological and operational challenges due to digitalization and complex supply chains. This study analyzes the risks faced by Stick Roll Chicken, an online-based SME in Malang, Indonesia, using an integrated Fishbone Diagram and Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA). Data were collected through interviews, observations, and document analysis. The Fishbone Diagram identified root causes across six dimensions which is Man, Machine, Method, Material, Environment, and Management that highlighting issues such as inconsistent procedures, supplier dependence, unstable connectivity, and limited managerial control. FMEA scoring showed that technological dependency (RPN = 336) and operational inefficiencies (RPN = 320) were the most critical risks. Mitigation strategies recommended include SOP standardization, supplier diversification, improved technological backup systems, and strengthened management practices. The integrated FMEA–Fishbone approach offers a systematic framework for enhancing risk management and operational resilience in online culinary SMEs.