Digital Leadership in the AI Era: A Systematic Literature Review of Transformation Strategies in Indonesian Enterprises (2020-2024)

Abstract

This study systematically reviews the latest research on digital leadership and AI-driven transformation in Indonesian enterprises spanning corporate, banking, public sector, SMEs, education, telecommunications, and plantation industries. The purpose is to evaluate how digital leadership enables successful adoption of AI-based strategies and drives organizational transformation, considering contextual variances across sectors. Employing a systematic literature review (SLR) approach guided by the PRISMA framework, this research rigorously identified, screened, and synthesized 11 Scopus-indexed articles published between 2020 and 2024. The analysis reveals that digital leadership—particularly agile, ambidextrous, and transformational styles—significantly enhances organizational readiness, performance, and innovation, especially when complemented by supportive culture and advanced management practices. The findings point to substantial gaps in the literature: most studies employ cross-sectional designs, limiting understanding of longitudinal leadership impact; informal, micro, and rural enterprises, as well as gendered or community-based leadership, remain underexplored; and there is scant attention to digital transformation during crises or regulatory transitions. These insights suggest that further research must adopt longitudinal and qualitative approaches while probing underrepresented sectors and crisis-response dynamics. In practical terms, the study highlights that effective digital transformation depends on synergizing individual leadership capacity with systemic support, regulatory modernization, and sustained organizational culture change. The findings contribute actionable strategies for practitioners and policy makers navigating Indonesia’s evolving digital economy, supporting evidence-based leadership development and AI integration across diverse enterprise contexts.