Legal Aspects of Electronic Commerce Agreements (E-Commerce) from the Perspective of Consumer Protection

Abstract

The advancement of digital technology has revolutionized trade activities by shifting conventional transactions into electronic commerce (e-commerce), creating new dynamics in contract formation and consumer rights protection. The purpose of this study is to analyze the legal aspects of e-commerce agreements from the perspective of consumer protection, focusing on how digital contracts fulfill legal validity, transparency, and fairness. This research uses a normative juridical method with a statute and conceptual approach, reviewing national regulations such as Law No. 8 of 1999 on Consumer Protection and Law No. 11 of 2008 on Electronic Information and Transactions, as well as comparative international legal instruments. The findings show that e-commerce contracts often raise issues related to the imbalance of bargaining power, lack of consumer awareness, and limited access to legal remedies when disputes occur. The study reveals that legal certainty in e-commerce can only be achieved through stronger regulatory enforcement, consumer education, and effective digital dispute resolution systems. The implication of this study emphasizes the need for the government, business actors, and consumers to collaborate in ensuring fair electronic transactions. In conclusion, harmonizing e-commerce legal frameworks with consumer protection principles is crucial to maintaining trust, justice, and sustainability in the digital marketplace.